From foreign and civil wars to the gold standard
The redefinition of property rights and state functions is at the core of the political debates and actions attempting to build up a liberal state. Nevertheless, the establishment of representative institutions did not provide a new legitimacy for taxation.
On the contrary, the 1820 liberal revolution was associated with the loss of social confidence and financial reputation, making the coexistence of political and financial freedom difficult.
To the point that a major tax reform was introduced during civil war in 1832.
Nevertheless, the gold standard (1854-1891) brought convergence.